A comprehensive technical guide covering LED display technology, pixel configurations, components, pricing, and real world applications.
An LED display is a flat-panel screen that utilizes light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as its primary technology to produce visual content. Unlike conventional displays that depend on backlighting (such as LCDs), LEDs emit light independently, enabling superior performance.
LED modules come in standard sizes that determine resolution, viewing distance, and application type. Each module size is optimized for specific use cases — from ultra-high-resolution indoor walls to large-scale outdoor installations.
| Pixel Pitch | Pitch Size | Module Size (mm) | Resolution (Pixels) | Type | Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P1 | 1.0mm | 320×160 | 320×160 | Indoor | Broadcast studios, control rooms, boardrooms |
| P2 | 2.0mm | 320×160 | 160×80 | Indoor | High clarity, close viewing |
| P2.5 | 2.5mm | 320×160 | 128×64 | Indoor | Conference rooms, studios |
| P3 | 3.0mm | 192×192 | 106×53 | Indoor | Auditoriums, halls |
| P4 | 4.0mm | 320×160 | 80×40 | Indoor/Outdoor | Events, churches |
| P5 | 5.0mm | 320×160 | 64×32 | Outdoor | Billboards, signage |
| P6 | 6.0mm | 192×192 | 53×27 | Outdoor | Large displays |
| P8 | 8.0mm | 320×160 | 40×20 | Outdoor | Long-distance viewing |
| P10 | 10.0mm | 320×160 | 32×16 | Outdoor | Highways, large ads |
LED screen resolution describes how many tiny dots (pixels) are used to create an image on the display. These pixels are arranged in a grid pattern made up of rows and columns.
For example, in a 166 × 166 display:
The first number = pixels arranged horizontally (left to right)
The second number = pixels arranged vertically (top to bottom)
Higher resolution means more pixels packed into the same physical space, resulting in sharper, more detailed images — especially important for close-range indoor viewing.
Indicative pricing across all major LED display components — modules, cabinets, power supplies, controllers, and accessories. Prices vary based on quality tier and supplier.
| Pixel Pitch | Type | Category |
|---|---|---|
| P1 – P1.5 | Indoor | Ultra fine pitch |
| P2 | Indoor | High resolution |
| P3 | Indoor | Medium resolution |
| P4 | Indoor | Standard |
| P4 | Outdoor | High brightness |
| P5 | Outdoor | Billboard |
| P6 – P8 | Outdoor | Long distance |
| P10 | Outdoor | Highway ads |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| MS Cabinet | Mild steel, heavy, low cost |
| Die-cast Cabinet | Lightweight aluminium |
| Item | Type/Spec |
|---|---|
| SMPS (Power Supply) | 5V 40A / 60A |
| Receiving Card | Entry-level |
| Receiving Card | Mid-range |
| Receiving Card | High-end |
| Controller | Sending Box |
| Power In/Out Connector | — |
| Signal In/Out (RJ45) | — |
| Receiving Card Power Cable | — |
| FRC Cable | — |
| Magnet | Per piece |
| Main Power Cable | — |
From video source to final display, every LED video wall follows a precise signal chain. Understanding this flow is essential for system design, troubleshooting, and performance optimisation.
A single LED module is the smallest display unit. Understanding its construction reveals why LED technology delivers outstanding performance, longevity, and value.
Each pixel contains Red, Green, and Blue LED chips made from semiconductor compounds. These are directly responsible for the final light output and colour mixing seen on screen.
The backbone of the module. The FR4 fiberglass PCB holds all LEDs, driver ICs, resistors, and connectors in position while providing electrical pathways between all components.
Controls brightness and refresh rate for each LED on the module. Receives data from the receiving card and drives precise current to every LED via PWM signal.
Provides waterproofing (IP65 for outdoor), anti-glare protection, and precise pixel alignment. Ensures consistent visual output and protects against dust, rain, and UV exposure.
Holds the PCB, LEDs, and mask together as a unified assembly. Heat-resistant construction maintains structural integrity under continuous operation conditions, ensuring sharp image output.
Data and power connectors enable quick module-to-module signal chain and power distribution. Made from copper conductors with durable plastic housing for reliable long-term contact.
RGB tri-color LEDs combine red, green, and blue lights in one unit to create the full visible colour spectrum. This additive colour model is the foundation of all modern LED and digital displays.
An RGB tri-color LED is a single LED package containing three separate chips — a red diode, a green diode, and a blue diode. Mixing these at different intensities produces any colour imaginable.
Each pixel = one RGB LED package
16,777,216 possible colour combinations
Controlled by Driver IC via PWM
An outdoor LED hoarding is a large digital billboard that plays scheduled advertisements using LED panels controlled by software and hardware systems — operating around the clock with remote content management.
Intelligent energy management systems ensure LED hoardings operate efficiently, reduce running costs, and comply with local regulations on night-time brightness.
Our display specialists are available to guide you through every detail of your project — from pixel pitch selection to full installation.